Statin Therapy and the Risk of Osteoporotic Fractures in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: a Nested Case-Control Study

Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between statin use and the risk of major osteoporotic fractures in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods: A nested case-control study was performed in patients with MetS (≥50 years) who had no history of osteoporotic fracture using the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort. This study included 17,041 patients diagnosed with new-onset osteoporotic fractures and controls matched in a 1:1 ratio by age, sex, body mass index, cohort entry date, and follow-up duration. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate covariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: During a 4-year follow-up period, the risk of major osteoporotic fractures was significantly reduced by 9% (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85-0.97) in statin users compared with that in non-users. Among subtypes of major osteoporotic fracture, a risk reduction with statin therapy was significant for vertebral fracture (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79-0.94) but not for non-vertebral fracture (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.88-1.06). Longer duration (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99, per 1-year increase) and higher cumulative dose (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.99, per 365 defined daily doses) of statins were negatively associated with the risk of major osteoporotic fracture.

Conclusion: This study supports the hypothesis that statin therapy has a beneficial effect on major osteoporotic fractures, especially vertebral fractures, in patients with MetS.