A hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibody with high homology to the aberrant myeloma light chain

PLoS One. 2021 Oct 11;16(10):e0252558. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252558. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

The identification of antibody variable regions in the heavy (VH) and light (VL) chains from hybridomas is necessary for the production of recombinant, sequence-defined monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody derivatives. This process has received renewed attention in light of recent reports of hybridomas having unintended specificities due to the production of non-antigen specific heavy and/or light chains for the intended antigen. Here we report a surprising finding and potential pitfall in variable domain sequencing of an anti-human CD63 hybridoma. We amplified multiple VL genes from the hybridoma cDNA, including the well-known aberrant Sp2/0 myeloma VK and a unique, full-length VL. After finding that the unique VL failed to yield a functional antibody, we discovered an additional full-length sequence with surprising similarity (~95% sequence identify) to the non-translated myeloma kappa chain but with a correction of its key frameshift mutation. Expression of the recombinant mAb confirmed that this highly homologous sequence is the antigen-specific light chain. Our results highlight the complexity of PCR-based cloning of antibody genes and strategies useful for identification of correct sequences.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / genetics*
  • CHO Cells
  • Cell Line
  • Cloning, Molecular / methods
  • Cricetulus
  • DNA, Complementary / genetics
  • Frameshift Mutation / genetics
  • Genes, Immunoglobulin / genetics
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • Hybridomas / physiology*
  • Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / genetics
  • Immunoglobulin Light Chains / genetics*
  • Immunoglobulin Variable Region / genetics
  • Mice
  • Multiple Myeloma / genetics*
  • Recombinant Proteins / genetics
  • Tetraspanin 30 / genetics

Substances

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal
  • DNA, Complementary
  • Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains
  • Immunoglobulin Light Chains
  • Immunoglobulin Variable Region
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Tetraspanin 30