Objective: To analyze the related polities about disease control and prevention system in China from 2000 to 2020, and to provide implication for the policy formulation of disease control and prevention system in the future. Methods: Policy documents were searched in the official websites of relevant government departments including the State Council, National Health Commission, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, and Ministry of Finance by using the keywords related to disease control and prevention from 2000 to 2020. Thematic framework and content analysis were performed to analyze the eligible policy documents based on the theory of policy instruments. Results: A total of 37 policy documents were included in this study. The application of single policy instrument was common (81.1%), of which the capacity building instrument was the most frequently used (32.4%), followed by mandate instrument (21.6%) and inducement instrument (13.5%), while system-changing instrument (8.1%) and symbolic and hortatory instrument were less used (5.4%). The main policy themes were personnel system (15.2%) and system construction (15.2%), followed by personnel development (13.0%) and information construction (2.2%). Conclusion: In the policy formulation process, the government should strengthen the comprehensive application of multiple policy instruments. Particularly about the inducement instrument and symbolic and hortatory instrument to further stimulate the internal motivation of disease control and prevention system and institutions in China.
目的： 分析2000—2020年中国疾病预防控制体系相关政策文本，为未来疾病预防控制体系的政策优化提供依据。 方法： 以“疾病预防控制”“疾控机构”“疾控体系”“防疫”为关键词检索国务院、国家卫生健康委员会、国家发展和改革委员会、人力资源和社会保障部和财政部官方网站，并基于政策工具法，对纳入政策文本进行主题框架分析和内容分析。 结果： 共纳入37份政策文件，以单一政策工具类型应用最为常见（81.1%），其中，以能力建设类工具为最多（32.4%），其次为命令性工具（21.6%）和激励性工具（13.5%），系统变革工具（8.1%）和象征与劝告工具应用较少（5.4%）。政策主题以人事制度（15.2%）和体系建设主题内容最多（15.2%），人才建设次之（13.0%），信息化建设最少（2.2%）。 结论： 在未来疾病预防控制体系建设相关政策制定中，政府应注意加强激励性工具、象征与劝告工具等多种政策工具的应用，以进一步激发疾病预防控制机构的内在发展动力。.