COVID-19 in Africa: preexisting immunity and HIV

Affiliations

• ¹ Africa Health Research Institute.
• ² HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
• ³ Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.
• ⁴ Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ⁵ Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁶ Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.