FERONIA and microtubules independently contribute to mechanical integrity in the Arabidopsis shoot

PLoS Biol. 2021 Nov 12;19(11):e3001454. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001454. eCollection 2021 Nov.

Abstract

To survive, cells must constantly resist mechanical stress. In plants, this involves the reinforcement of cell walls, notably through microtubule-dependent cellulose deposition. How wall sensing might contribute to this response is unknown. Here, we tested whether the microtubule response to stress acts downstream of known wall sensors. Using a multistep screen with 11 mutant lines, we identify FERONIA (FER) as the primary candidate for the cell's response to stress in the shoot. However, this does not imply that FER acts upstream of the microtubule response to stress. In fact, when performing mechanical perturbations, we instead show that the expected microtubule response to stress does not require FER. We reveal that the feronia phenotype can be partially rescued by reducing tensile stress levels. Conversely, in the absence of both microtubules and FER, cells appear to swell and burst. Altogether, this shows that the microtubule response to stress acts as an independent pathway to resist stress, in parallel to FER. We propose that both pathways are required to maintain the mechanical integrity of plant cells.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Arabidopsis / cytology
  • Arabidopsis / drug effects
  • Arabidopsis / metabolism*
  • Arabidopsis Proteins / genetics
  • Arabidopsis Proteins / metabolism*
  • Benzamides / pharmacology
  • Biomechanical Phenomena
  • Hypocotyl / anatomy & histology
  • Hypocotyl / drug effects
  • Microtubules / drug effects
  • Microtubules / metabolism*
  • Mutation / genetics
  • Phenotype
  • Phosphotransferases / genetics
  • Phosphotransferases / metabolism*
  • Plant Shoots / cytology
  • Plant Shoots / physiology*
  • Stress, Mechanical
  • Tensile Strength

Substances

  • Arabidopsis Proteins
  • Benzamides
  • isoxaben
  • FERONIA receptor like kinase, Arabidopsis
  • Phosphotransferases

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC-2013-CoG-615739 ’MechanoDevo’ to O.H). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.