Genetics in Congenital Heart Diseases: Unraveling the Link Between Cardiac Morphogenesis, Heart Muscle Disease, and Electrical Disorders

Heart Fail Clin. 2022 Jan;18(1):139-153. doi: 10.1016/j.hfc.2021.07.016. Epub 2021 Oct 26.

Abstract

The genetic background of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) is extremely complex, heterogenous, and still majorly to be determined. CHDs can be sporadic or familial. In this article we discuss in detail the phenotypic spectrum of selected genes including MYH7, GATA4, NKX2-5, TBX5, and TBX20. Our goal is to offer the clinician a general overview of the clinical spectrum of the analyzed topics that are traditionally known as causative for CHDs but we underline in this review the possible progressive functional (cardiomyopathy) and electric aspects (arrhythmias) caused by the genetic background.

Keywords: Arrhythmias; Cardiomyopathies (CMPs); Congenital heart diseases (CHDs); Genotype-phenotype correlation; Progressive aspect.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Cardiomyopathies*
  • GATA4 Transcription Factor
  • Heart Defects, Congenital* / genetics
  • Humans
  • Morphogenesis / genetics
  • Myocardium

Substances

  • GATA4 Transcription Factor