Features and management of men with pN1 cM0 prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy and lymphadenectomy: a systematic review of population-based evidence

Curr Opin Urol. 2022 Jan 1;32(1):69-84. doi: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000000946.

Abstract

Purpose of review: To investigate the features and optimal management of pN+ cM0 prostate cancer (PCa) according to registry-based studies.

Recent findings: Up to 15% of PCa patients harbor lymph node invasion (pN+) at radical prostatectomy plus lymph node dissection. Nonetheless, the optimal management strategy in this setting is not well characterized.

Summary: We performed a systematic review including n = 13 studies. Management strategies comprised 13 536 men undergoing observation, 11 149 adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (aADT), 7,075 adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) +aADT and 705 aRT. Baseline features showed aggressive PCa in the majority of men. At a median follow-up ranging 48-134months, Cancer-related death was 5% and overall-mortality 16.6%. aADT and aRT alone had no cancer-specific survival or overall survival advantages over observation only and over not performing aRT, respectively. aADT plus aRT yielded a survival benefit compared to observation and aADT, which in one study, were limited to certain intermediate-risk categories. Age, Gleason, Charlson score, positive surgical margins, pathological stage, and positive nodes number, but not prostate specific antigen, were most relevant prognostic factors. Our work further confirmed pN+ PCa is a multifaceted disease and will help future research in defining its optimal management based on different risk categories to maximize survival and patient's quality of life.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Systematic Review

MeSH terms

  • Androgen Antagonists*
  • Humans
  • Lymph Node Excision
  • Lymphatic Metastasis
  • Male
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Prostate-Specific Antigen
  • Prostatectomy
  • Prostatic Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Prostatic Neoplasms* / surgery
  • Quality of Life
  • Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
  • Retrospective Studies

Substances

  • Androgen Antagonists
  • Prostate-Specific Antigen