Objective: To discuss the challenges and problems of the prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases in Shanghai as a megacities. Methods: An imported case of cutaneous anthrax occurred in Shanghai on May 30, 2019. Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention conducted an epidemiological investigation and treatment of the cases; after this case, the data of patients with cutaneous anthrax were collected, and an epidemiological study was conducted. Meanwhile, the wound and blood samples of the patient were collected for laboratory testing. Results: Of the seven wound samples of the patient, 6 were positive for the Bacillus anthracis nucleic acid test, and the double serological test results showed a 4-fold increase in the titer of anthrax antibodies. Shanghai CDC conducted an epidemiological investigation of the confirmed cases and observed its contacts. After treatment, the patients recovered, and no other issues appeared among the 19 contacts. Conclusions: Shanghai must strengthen the training of clinicians on emerging infectious diseases to achieve early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of imported infectious diseases and reduce the incidence, spread, and death of the diseases. At the same time, multi-department joint prevention and control are needed to prevent and control secondary cases.
目的： 探讨上海市作为特大城市对急性传染病防控的挑战和问题。 方法： 2019年5月30日上海市发生一起输入性皮肤炭疽疫情，上海市CDC对患者进行流行病学调查及处置，在疫情发生后，上海市CDC收集皮肤炭疽患者相关资料，并对其进行流行病学调查，同时采集患者伤口创面标本和血标本，进行实验室检测。 结果： 该患者的7份伤口创面标本中，6份炭疽芽胞杆菌核酸检测阳性；双份血清学检测结果显示，炭疽芽胞杆菌抗体滴度增长4倍，上海市CDC对该确诊病例进行流行病学调查并对其接触者进行了观察。经治疗，病例康复，19例接触者无续发病例出现。 结论： 上海市有必要加强临床医生对新发传染病的培训，对输入性传染病做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗，减少疾病的发病、传播和死亡。同时需要多部门联防联控，预防和控制继发病例的发生。.