New Species and Conservation Status of the Genus Group Scotussae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in the Atlantic Forest

Two new brachypterous species of the genus Scotussa, with restricted distributions, are described for one of the most important and greatly threatened biodiversity hotspots, the Atlantic Forest. These species belong to the genus group Scotussae, a diverse group regarding mobility and oviposition habits. It has been mentioned that these characteristics could lead to restrictions in the species distribution. Based on these antecedents and considering the importance of biodiversity conservation within the Atlantic Forest, we performed novel conservation indices for this group. The rapid assessment indices calculated herein are based upon Red List status, endemism, dispersal capacity, and life-history traits that allowed us to identify areas for conservation for this group of grasshoppers. For a better understanding of the conservation status of the group, the results of the indices were compared with protected areas and Key Biodiversity Areas. Moreover, historical biome stability was also considered since it has been associated with different distributional and diversification patterns within the genus group Scotussae. The approach applied indicates that the indices recovered different but complementary information. The Grasshopper Biotic Index (GBI) determined important regions for conservation within the richest region of the group while the GBI/SiteScore located regions with lower diversity values for the group but with high importance regarding endemisms.