Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of spinal cord lesions: what can we find? - Part 1. Neoplastic, vascular, metabolic, and traumatic injuries

Radiol Bras. 2021 Nov-Dec;54(6):406-411. doi: 10.1590/0100-3984.2020.0127.

Abstract

Diseases involving the spinal cord include a heterogeneous group of abnormalities, including those of inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, vascular, metabolic, and traumatic origin. Making the clinical differentiation between different entities is often difficult, magnetic resonance imaging being the diagnostic method of choice. Although the neuroimaging findings are not pathognomonic, many are quite suggestive, and the radiologist can assist in the diagnosis and, consequently, in the therapeutic guidance. In this first part of our article, the objective is to review the magnetic resonance imaging findings of the main neoplastic, vascular, metabolic, and traumatic spinal cord injuries.

As doenças que envolvem a medula espinal incluem um grupo heterogêneo de anomalias, englobando causas inflamatórias, infecciosas, neoplásicas, vasculares, metabólicas e traumáticas. Muitas vezes a diferenciação clínica entre as diversas entidades é difícil, sendo a ressonância magnética a modalidade de escolha na investigação diagnóstica. Apesar de os achados de neuroimagem não serem patognomônicos, muitos são bastante sugestivos, podendo o radiologista auxiliar no diagnóstico e, consequentemente, na orientação terapêutica. O objetivo desta primeira parte do artigo é revisar os achados de ressonância magnética das principais lesões medulares neoplásicas, vasculares, metabólicas e traumáticas.

Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging; Metabolic diseases; Neoplasms; Spinal cord injuries; Wounds and injuries/diagnostic imaging.