In vitro neutralizing activity of BNT162b2 mRNA-induced antibodies against full B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 variant

Transbound Emerg Dis. 2022 Sep;69(5):2649-2655. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14417. Epub 2022 Jan 3.

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 variation represents a serious challenge to current COVID-19 vaccines. Recent reports suggest that B.1.351 and other variants may escape the neutralization activity of the antibodies generated by current vaccines. Ninety-nine healthcare workers undertaking BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination were sampled at baseline, on the day of the second dose, and 14 days after the latter. Neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 B.1, B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 was investigated using a Vero-E6 model. Eleven of the study participants had prior infection with SARS-CoV-2. Neutralization titers against the B.1 and the B.1.1.7 variants were not statistically different and were significantly higher than titers against the B.1.351 variant across pre-exposed and non-pre-exposed vaccinated individuals (p < .01). While all vaccinated individuals presented neutralizing antibodies against B.1 and B 1.1.7 after the second dose, 14% were negative against B.1.351 and 76% had low titers (1/201/80). Pre-exposed vaccinated individuals showed higher titers than non-pre-exposed after the first (median titers of 1/387 versus 1/28, respectively) and the second doses (1/995 versus 1/703, respectively). As high as 72% of the pre-exposed vaccines presented titers >1/80 after a single dose, while only 11% of non-exposed vaccinated individuals had titers >1/80. BNT162b2 mRNA-induced antibodies show a lower in vitro neutralizing activity against B.1.351 variant compared to neutralization against B.1.1.7 or B.1 variants. Interestingly, for individuals pre-exposed to SARS-CoV-2, one dose of BNT162b2 mRNA may be adequate to produce neutralizing antibodies against B.1.1.7 and B.1, while two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA provide optimal neutralizing antibody response against B.1.351 too.

Keywords: B.1; B.1.1.7; B.1.351; BNT162b2 mRNA; SARS-CoV-2; neutralization; variants.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • BNT162 Vaccine
  • COVID-19 Vaccines
  • COVID-19* / prevention & control
  • COVID-19* / veterinary
  • Humans
  • Membrane Glycoproteins
  • Neutralization Tests / veterinary
  • RNA, Messenger / genetics
  • SARS-CoV-2* / genetics
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
  • Viral Envelope Proteins / genetics

Substances

  • Antibodies, Neutralizing
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • COVID-19 Vaccines
  • Membrane Glycoproteins
  • RNA, Messenger
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
  • Viral Envelope Proteins
  • spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
  • BNT162 Vaccine

Supplementary concepts

  • SARS-CoV-2 variants