Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) temporally related to COVID-19 vaccination

Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2022 Jan;16(1):102371. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102371. Epub 2021 Dec 21.

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has claimed millions of lives since its first identification in December 2019. Patients with diabetes are at a high risk of adverse outcomes after COVID-19 infection, whereas infection itself can be associated with severe hyperglycemia, including hyperglycemic emergencies. While the accelerated vaccine development and rollout have considerably decreased morbidity and mortality with reasonable safety, there are emerging reports of worsening of hyperglycemia in response to vaccination, with possible shared pathophysiology with COVID-19 infection-related hyperglycemia. We hereby report two young patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) who presented with severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) after receiving second doses of COVISHIELD (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) and COVAXIN (BBV152- inactivated whole virion) vaccines. Though a causal link cannot be established, post-vaccination immune response can potentially explain this transient worsening of hyperglycemia and hyperglycemic emergencies. We, hence report diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) following COVID-19 vaccination in T1DM. We suggest that people with diabetes, particularly patients with T1DM with inadequate glycemic control should ideally be closely monitored for hyperglycemia and ketonemia for at least 2 weeks after receiving vaccination for COVID 19.

Keywords: COVID-19; Diabetic ketoacidosis; Hyperglycemic emergency; Type 1 diabetes mellitus; Vaccine.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • COVID-19 / prevention & control*
  • COVID-19 Vaccines / adverse effects*
  • ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 / adverse effects
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / complications*
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis / etiology*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • India
  • Male
  • Risk Factors
  • SARS-CoV-2 / immunology
  • Vaccination / adverse effects
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • COVID-19 Vaccines
  • ChAdOx1 nCoV-19