Is It Stevens-Johnson Syndrome or MIS-C with Mucocutaneous Involvement?

Abdollah Karimi; Elham Pourbakhtiaran; Mazdak Fallahi; Fereshteh Karbasian; Shahnaz Armin; Delara Babaie

doi:10.1155/2021/1812545

Is It Stevens-Johnson Syndrome or MIS-C with Mucocutaneous Involvement?

Case Rep Pediatr. 2021 Dec 24:2021:1812545. doi: 10.1155/2021/1812545. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Abdollah Karimi¹, Elham Pourbakhtiaran¹, Mazdak Fallahi², Fereshteh Karbasian³, Shahnaz Armin¹, Delara Babaie²

Affiliations

¹ Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
² Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Mofid Children's Hospital, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran.
³ Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Abstract

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) can be present in the form of multisystem inflammatory disease in children. Case Presentation. A 25-month-old boy presented with fever, malaise, diffuse maculopapular rashes, and mucosal involvement during the COVID-19 pandemic. He was first diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). Further evaluation revealed lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, and fibrinogen. This was followed by a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for COVID-19. In addition to receiving initial care for SJS, he was treated for MIS-C, which led to his recovery after four days.

Conclusion: COVID-19 infection should be considered in children with fever and dermatological features during the pandemic because it may cause different features of the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), suggestive of delayed hyperimmune response.

Publication types

Case Reports