The impact of visual memory impairment on Victoria Symptom Validity Test performance: A known-groups analysis

Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2024 Jul-Aug;31(4):329-338. doi: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2021911. Epub 2022 Jan 5.

Abstract

Objective: We assessed the effect of visual learning and recall impairment on Victoria Symptom Validity Test (VSVT) accuracy and response latency for Easy, Difficult, and Total Items.

Method: A sample of 163 adult patients administered the VSVT and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised were classified as valid (114/163) or invalid (49/163) groups via independent criterion performance validity tests (PVTs). Classification accuracies for all VSVT indices were examined for the overall sample, and separately for subgroups based on visual memory functioning.

Results: In the overall sample, all indices produced acceptable classification accuracy (areas under the curve [AUCs] ≥ 0.79). When stratified by visual learning/recall impairment, accuracy indices yielded acceptable classification for both the unimpaired (AUCs ≥0.79) and impaired subsamples (AUCs ≥0.75). Latency indices had acceptable classification accuracy for the unimpaired subsample (AUCs ≥0.74), but accuracy and sensitivity dropped for the impaired sample (AUCs ≥0.67).

Conclusions: VSVT accuracy and response latency yielded acceptable classification accuracies in the overall sample, and this effect was maintained in those with and without visual learning/recall impairment for the accuracy indices. Findings indicate that the VSVT is a psychometrically robust PVT with largely invariant cut-scores, even in the presence of bona fide visual learning/recall impairment.

Keywords: Assessment/diagnosis; measurement/statistics; memory; tests.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Malingering* / diagnosis
  • Memory Disorders* / diagnosis
  • Memory Disorders* / etiology
  • Memory Disorders* / physiopathology
  • Mental Recall / physiology
  • Middle Aged
  • Neuropsychological Tests / standards
  • Psychometrics / standards
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Visual Perception / physiology
  • Young Adult