Purpose: The present study identified predictors of intrahepatic progression-free survival (ihPFS) after ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) for colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) and developed a nomogram to predict ihPFS.
Methods: From January 2013 to December 2018, a total of 314 patients (224 men and 90 women; mean age, 57.1 ± 11.8 years; range, 23-86 years) with 645 CRLMs (mean diameter, 16.6 ± 6.5 mm; range, 6.0-45.0 mm) treated with US-guided percutaneous MWA were included and analyzed. The average number of CRLMs per patient treated was 2 (range, 1-8). A nomogram to predict ihPFS was developed based on a multivariable Cox model. Validation of the nomogram was performed using the concordance index (C-index), calibration curves, and decision curve analyses.
Results: The 1-, 2-, and 3-year cumulative ihPFS rates were 59.0%, 38.9%, and 30.8%, respectively. Maximal CRLM size, number of CRLMs, ablative margin, primary tumor lymph node status, and chemotherapy were five independent prognostic factors for ihPFS. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.702 (CI: 0.681-0.723). A risk classification system that perfectly classified the patients into three risk groups was constructed. The median ihPFS of patients in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups was 36.3 months (95% CI: 21.4-51.1), 13.4 months (95% CI: 12.1-14.6), and 3.8 months (95% CI: 2.3-5.3), respectively.
Conclusion: The nomogram and risk classification system will facilitate the personalized assessment of ihPFS for patients receiving US-guided percutaneous MWA for CRLMs.
Keywords: Nomogram; colorectal liver metastases; contrast-enhanced ultrasound; microwave ablation; progression-free survival.