Passenger Lymphocyte Syndrome: A Rare Case of Anemia After Liver Transplant

Exp Clin Transplant. 2022 Feb;20(2):222-223. doi: 10.6002/ect.2021.0328. Epub 2022 Jan 14.

Abstract

Passenger lymphocyte syndrome is a rare presentation of posttransplant anemia caused by donor antibodies that target recipient red blood cells. We present a classic case of passenger lymphocyte syndrome in a liver transplant recipient who developed anemia due to immune-mediated hemolysis. He presented 3 weeks posttransplant with shortness of breath and fatigue and was found to have severe anemia with a significant reduction in hemoglobin levels. Evaluation revealed antibody-mediated hemolysis consistent with the diagnosis of passenger lymphocyte syndrome. For these patients, treatment is mainly supportive; however, steroid treatment can be considered. Although rare, passenger lymphocyte syndrome should be part of the differential diagnosis when evaluating posttransplant anemia.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • ABO Blood-Group System
  • Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune* / diagnosis
  • Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune* / drug therapy
  • Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune* / etiology
  • Blood Group Incompatibility
  • Hemolysis
  • Humans
  • Liver Transplantation* / adverse effects
  • Lymphocytes
  • Male
  • Syndrome
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • ABO Blood-Group System