1 Elizabeth D. Nesoff is with the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia. Silvia S. Martins is with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY. Joseph J. Palamar is with the Department of Population Health, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY.