1 Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
2 Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
3 Google Health, London, UK.
4 Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
5 NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom.
6 Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.