Ethanol ablation for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules

Background: Ethanol ablation (EA) is a non-surgical option for the treatment of benign cystic thyroid nodules. This study summarizes our preliminary experience with the efficacy and safety of EA.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of patients undergoing EA for symptomatic, benign, cystic and predominantly cystic (≥75%) thyroid nodules. Baseline nodule volume, cosmetic scores, and symptom scores were assessed, as well as volume reduction ratio (VRR), cosmetic and symptom scores at post-procedure months 1, 3, 6, and 12.

Results: 31 patients underwent an uncomplicated EA for a single cyst with an average volume of 21.3 cc (range: 1.7-101.4 cc). Follow-up was limited by the COVID-19 pandemic. Mean nodule VRRs were 66 ± 20% (1 m, n = 17), 87 ± 15% (3 m, n = 9), 72 ± 20% (6 m, n = 7), and 78% (12 m, n = 3). Mean symptom and cosmetic scores decreased concurrently post-procedure.

Conclusion: EA is a safe, effective option for benign cystic and predominantly cystic thyroid nodules.