Evaluation of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy on cervical low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions with high-risk HPV infection

Background: The treatment options for low-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (LSIL) of the cervix with high-risk HPV infection have not been standardized. Studies show that photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDT) might be effective. In this retrospective study, the clinical efficacy and safety of ALA-PDT in the treatment of LSIL were evaluated.

Methods: ALA-PDT was performed in 55 LSIL patients aged 21-45 years who also showed high-risk HPV infection and cervical ectropion. HPV test, cytology, colposcopy and pathology were examined before and after treatment. Meanwhile, PDT-related symptoms and adverse reactions were also reviewed.

Results: At 6-month follow-up after PDT, except for 5 patients who showed the persistence of LSIL lesions, the pathological regression ratio of 90.1% (50/55) was achieved. No HPV-DNA was detected in exfoliated cervical cells in 81.8% (45/55) patients. Among them, the HPV clearance ratio of I Degree cervical ectropion was 96.2%, significantly higher than that of II Degree (70.8%) and III Degree (60%). Significant shrunk of cervical ectropion and reduction of vaginal secretions after PDT were seen in 78.0% patients.

Conclusion: ALA-PDT is a safe and effective therapeutic option for patients of reproductive age who suffer from LSIL with high-risk HPV infection and cervical ectropion.