Topical Bimiralisib Shows Meaningful Cutaneous Drug Levels in Healthy Volunteers and Mycosis Fungoides Patients but No Clinical Activity in a First-in-Human, Randomized Controlled Trial

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a subtype of CTCL with a low incidence and high medical need for novel treatments. The objective of this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, first-in-human study was to evaluate safety, efficacy, cutaneous and systemic pharmacokinetics (PK) of topical bimiralisib in healthy volunteers (HVs) and MF patients. In this trial, a total of 6 HVs and 19 early-stage MF patients were treated with 2.0% bimiralisib gel and/or placebo. Drug efficacy was assessed by the Composite Assessment of Index Lesion Severity (CAILS) score, supported by objective measuring methods to quantify lesion severity. PK blood samples were collected frequently and cutaneous PK was investigated in skin punch biopsies on the last day of treatment. Local distribution of bimiralisib in HVs showed a mean exposure of 2.54 µg/g in the epidermis. A systemic concentration was observed after application of a target dose of 2 mg/cm² on 400 cm², with a mean C_avg of 0.96 ng/mL. Systemic exposure of bimiralisib was reached in all treated MF patients, and normalized plasma concentrations showed a 144% increased exposure compared to HVs, with an observed mean C_avg of 4.49 ng/mL and a mean cutaneous concentration of 5.3 µg/g. No difference in CAILS or objective lesion severity quantification upon 42 days of once-daily treatment was observed in the MF patient group. In general, the treatment was well tolerated in terms of local reactions as well as systemic adverse events. In conclusion, we showed that topical bimiralisib treatment leads to (i) meaningful cutaneous drug levels and (ii) well-tolerated systemic drug exposure in MF patients and (iii) a lack of clinical efficacy, in need of further exploration due to numerous unknown factors, before depreciation of topical bimiralisib as a novel therapeutic drug for CTCLs.