County-Level Factors Matter: The Role of Contextual Factors in Foster Youths' Extended Foster Care Participation and Human Capital Outcomes

Child Maltreat. 2023 May;28(2):332-344. doi: 10.1177/10775595221088226. Epub 2022 Apr 21.

Abstract

Extended foster care (EFC) is an important policy that supports human capital attainment for foster youth transitioning to adult independence. Previous studies have examined youth- and policy-level factors' influence on EFC participation and human capital outcomes (e.g., education, employment). Still, few studies have examined contextual factors (e.g., county characteristics). We explore how local contexts, or county-level attributes, influence youths' EFC participation and human capital outcomes (i.e., postsecondary education enrollment and earnings). We analyze two datasets from California Youth Transitions to Adulthood Study: survey data with rich youth-level information (n = 529) and state child welfare administrative data with a larger sample size (n = 2392). After controlling for a wide range of youth characteristics and adjusting between-county variations, regression results find that several county characteristics predict youths' EFC participation and human capital outcomes at age 21, such as political atmosphere and worker's satisfaction with cross-system collaboration. We conclude with a discussion of implications for research and practice.

Keywords: county-level contexts; education; employment; extended foster care.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Child
  • Child Welfare
  • Child, Foster*
  • Educational Status
  • Foster Home Care
  • Humans
  • Income
  • Young Adult