Calcium plays an important role in various physiological activities of the human body, and long-term insufficient or excessive intake of calcium will have a negative impact on the body's health. Existing data show that insufficient dietary calcium intake is closely related to bone health, but the non-bone effects are not clear. Increasing dietary calcium and supplementing calcium (with or without vitamin D) have a certain beneficial effect on the bone mineral density and its peak of adolescents and can delay the bone loss of the elderly, but it can't improve the height and bone mineral density of adults and fracture in the elderly. This article introduces the physiological functions of calcium, dietary sources, human intake, and methods for formulating recommended amounts, and summarizes the relationship between calcium and health effects. It also recommends that when formulating the reference intake of dietary calcium for Chinese residents, more consideration should be given to the data and information of the Chinese population, combined with the characteristics of Chinese residents' genetics, absorption and metabolism.
钙在人体的各种生理活动中发挥着重要作用，长期摄入不足或过量会对机体健康产生不良的影响。现有资料显示，膳食钙摄入不足与骨健康相关，但对非骨效应并不明确。增加膳食钙、补充钙剂（联合或不联合维生素D）对青少年的骨密度、骨峰值有一定的有益作用，可以延缓老年人群的骨量流失，但对青少年成年后的身高、增加成人的骨密度以及预防老年人群的骨折并无明显作用。本文介绍了钙的生理功能、膳食来源、人体摄入量以及制定推荐量的方法，并综述了钙与健康效应的关系，以期建议制定我国居民膳食钙的参考摄入量时，更多考虑我国人群资料和信息，并结合我国居民遗传、吸收和代谢的特征。.