Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the most important type of neurons in the visual pathway. RGC axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve, which connects with the brain. The visual signals carried by RGC axons establish the only link between the outside world and our internal perception of sight. Researches on the morphological, physiological, molecular, and mosaic features of RGCs are of great significance. This article reviews the research advances of RGC classifications, definitive types of RGCs, and selective vulnerability of specific RGC types after various injuries.
视网膜神经节细胞（RGC）是视觉通路中最重要的一类神经细胞，其轴突组成的视神经是视觉信号传递到大脑的唯一通路，对RGC的形态学特性、基因表达特性、空间分布特性以及功能特性进行研究具有重要意义。本文汇总相关研究进展，对RGC的分类、目前已明确的RGC类型以及不同损伤下不同类型RGC的损伤特点进行综述，为全面了解RGC的生理学、病理学特征和视神经损伤相关疾病提供参考。.