Assessment of Serum Interleukin-27 and Mean Platelet Volume in Late-Onset Neonatal Sepsis

Am J Perinatol. 2024 Jul;41(9):1232-1237. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1748165. Epub 2022 May 17.

Abstract

Objective: Late-onset sepsis (LOS) is a substantial contributor to morbidity and mortality among neonates. The use of nonculture-based tools for early diagnosis is an area of active investigation. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum interleukin-27 (IL-27) and mean platelet volume (MPV) in full-term neonates with LOS.

Study design: In this single-center, cross-sectional study, 90 full-term newborns were assigned to two equal-matched groups as follows: (1) culture-proven sepsis and (2) control groups. Clinical data and laboratory findings as complete blood pictures, including MPV, highly sensitive C-reactive protein, and blood culture results, were recorded. Moreover, IL-27 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: IL-27 levels (median = 4,364 pg/mL) and MPV (mean = 12.02 ± 1.54 FL) were significantly higher in the culture-proven sepsis group than in the control group (p < 0.001). For IL-27, the optimum cut-off value for the diagnosis of LOS was 283.8 pg/mL with sensitivity and specificity of 97.8 and 100%, respectively. For MPV, the optimum cut-off value was 11.6 FL, with diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 77.8 and 97.8%, respectively.

Conclusion: IL-27 and MPV are promising markers for the diagnosis of LOS in full-term neonates. The diagnostic performance of IL-27 was superior to MPV.

Key points: · Late-onset neonatal sepsis diagnosis is time consuming.. · Nonculture-based rapid diagnostic tests are much needed.. · IL-27 is superior in LOS diagnosis to MPV..

MeSH terms

  • Biomarkers / blood
  • C-Reactive Protein / analysis
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Interleukin-27 / blood
  • Interleukins / blood
  • Male
  • Mean Platelet Volume*
  • Neonatal Sepsis* / blood
  • Neonatal Sepsis* / diagnosis
  • ROC Curve
  • Sensitivity and Specificity

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Interleukins
  • C-Reactive Protein
  • MYDGF protein, human
  • Interleukin-27