Euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient with pancreatitis and type 2 diabetes on empagliflozin

BMJ Case Rep. 2022 Jun 22;15(6):e247921. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2021-247921.

Abstract

Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are glucose-lowering drugs with proven efficacy in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus, and more recently, have been shown to improve heart failure outcomes in patients without diabetes. A rare complication of SGLT2 inhibitor use is the development of euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EDKA), characterised by euglycaemia (blood glucose level <250 mg/dL), metabolic acidosis (arterial pH <7.3 and serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L), and ketonaemia. Given patients with EDKA do not present with the typical manifestations of diabetic ketoacidosis, including marked hyperglycaemia and dehydration, the diagnosis of EDKA may be missed and initiation of treatment delayed. We present the case of a man with recent SGLT2 inhibitor use and multiple other risk factors who developed EDKA.

Keywords: Diabetes; Drugs: endocrine system; Medical management.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Benzhydryl Compounds
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / complications
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / drug therapy
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis* / chemically induced
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis* / diagnosis
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis* / drug therapy
  • Glucosides
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Pancreatitis* / complications
  • Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors* / adverse effects

Substances

  • Benzhydryl Compounds
  • Glucosides
  • Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
  • empagliflozin