Anti-Ca_v1.2 Antibody-Induced Atrioventricular Block as a Novel Form in the Adult: Long-Term Pacemaker-Sparing Activity of Hydroxychloroquine

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy (P.E.L., V.S., R.A., F.L.P., P.L.C.).
• ² VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY (U.S., V.K.M.G., M.B.).
• ³ Cardio-thoracic Department, University Hospital of Siena, Italy (A.S.).
• ⁴ Cardiology Intensive Therapy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Nuovo Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio, Florence, Italy (I.B.).
• ⁵ NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY (M.B.).