The authors' experience with the organization of the treatment of urgent psychopathologic conditions is summed up. Conditions requiring urgent medical care are divided into two groups: (1) mental states leading to aggressive and autoaggressive actions; (2) critical conditions observed in the most severe period of the disease when the abilities of the body's autoregulation are exhausted and preservation of life without contemporary resuscitation measures is impossible. The latter include conditions caused by neurologic and somatic diseases, severe stages of mental disease (for example, febrile schizophrenia, delirium tremens, etc.), complications of treatment, grave vascular psychoses, and postpartum psychoses. The authors describe how a unit providing urgent psychiatric care in a mental hospital should operate.