The authors relate the first case of juvenile polyposis coli noticed in Madagascar. It is a sporadic case developing a serious clinic picture with an accidentally fatal end in a 7 years old Malagasy girl. They recall the principal epidemiological, anatomopathological, clinic and evolutive features which are typical of this polyposis. They wish that the way to medical progress will soon lead to better knowledge of the place of the intestinal polyposis in African countries.