The LIFE TRIAD of emergency general surgery

Affiliations

• ¹ General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisia 1, 56100, Pisa, Italy. [email protected].
• ² General and Emergency Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy.
• ³ Division of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
• ⁴ Emergency Surgery, Emergency Surgery of the Research Institute of Emergency Medicine Named After I.I. Dzhanelidze, St. Petersburg, Russia.
• ⁵ Department of Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
• ⁶ General Surgery, Ethiopian Air Force Hospital, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia.
• ⁷ General, Acute Care, Abdominal Wall Reconstruction, and Trauma Surgery Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada.
• ⁸ Department of General Surgery, Hôpital Principal de Dakar Military Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Sénégal.
• ⁹ Ernest E. Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, Denver, CO, USA.
• ¹⁰ Trauma Surgery Department, Scripps Memorial Hospital, La Jolla, CA, USA.
• ¹¹ Department of Surgical Disciplines, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Regional Clinical Hospital, Kaliningrad, Russia.
• ¹² Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
• ¹³ ICU Department, Maggiore Hospital, Parma, Italy.
• ¹⁴ Unit of General Surgery, CARE Department Henri Mondor University Hospital (AP-HP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Est, UPEC, Créteil, France.
• ¹⁵ College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, 80134, USA.
• ¹⁶ General Surgery, Pavia University Hospital, Pavia, Italy.
• ¹⁷ Emergency Medicine Department, Radboud Universitair Medisch Centrum, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁸ Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE.
• ¹⁹ General Surgery Department, Monza University Hospital, Monza, Italy.
• ²⁰ Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
• ²¹ Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
• ²² Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Gemelli University Hospital, Rome, Italy.
• ²³ General Surgery Department, Mozyr Hospital, Mozyr, Belarus.
• ²⁴ ASUR Marche, AV5, Hospital of San Benedetto del Tronto, San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy.
• ²⁵ Dipartimento Di Chirurgia Generale E Specialistica "Paride Stefanini", La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
• ²⁶ General Surgery Department, Plovdiv University Hospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
• ²⁷ General Surgery Department, Insubria University, Varese, Italy.
• ²⁸ General Surgery Department, Campinas University, Campinas, Brazil.
• ²⁹ Department of Minimal Access and General Surgery, Government Gousia Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
• ³⁰ Surgery Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
• ³¹ General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisia 1, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
• ³² Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
• ³³ Trauma Department, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
• ³⁴ Trauma/Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
• ³⁵ Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan.
• ³⁶ Visceral and Metabolic Minimally Invasive Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Poissy/Saint Germain en Laye, Saint Germain en Laye, France.
• ³⁷ Department of Traumatology, John Hunter Hospital and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
• ³⁸ HPB Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Tan Tock Seng, Singapore.
• ³⁹ General Surgery, Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece.
• ⁴⁰ Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
• ⁴¹ General Surgery, San Donato Hospital, Milan, Italy.
• ⁴² Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
• ⁴³ Department of Trauma, Hand-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
• ⁴⁴ Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
• ⁴⁵ University of Portsmouth UK & Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust UK, Portsmouth, UK.
• ⁴⁶ Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, USA.
• ⁴⁷ Department of Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
• ⁴⁸ Trauma and Burns Service, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Department of Health, KwaZulu-Natal, Mayville, Durban, South Africa.
• ⁴⁹ Division of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Kadıkoy/Istambul, Turkey.
• ⁵⁰ Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
• ⁵¹ HUS Abdominal Center, Emergency Surgery, Meilahti Tower Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
• ⁵² Department of General Surgery, Anadolu Medical Center, Kocaeli, Turkey.
• ⁵³ Trauma Center, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
• ⁵⁴ General Surgery, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
• ⁵⁵ Emergency Surgery Department, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy.
• ⁵⁶ Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara and University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
• ⁵⁷ General Surgery, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
• ⁵⁸ Department of General Surgery, Royal Perth Hospital, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
• ⁵⁹ Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy.