Recombinant Bovine Herpesvirus Type I Expressing the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus E2 Protein Could Effectively Prevent Infection by Two Viruses

Viruses. 2022 Jul 25;14(8):1618. doi: 10.3390/v14081618.

Abstract

Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a comprehensive disease in cattle caused by various viral and bacterial infections. Among them, bovine herpesvirus type I (BoHV-1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) play important roles and have caused huge financial losses for the cattle industry worldwide. At present, vaccines against BRDC include trivalent attenuated BoHV-1, BVDV-1, and BVDV-2 live vaccines, BoHV-1 live attenuated vaccines, and BoHV-1/BVDV bivalent live attenuated vaccines, which have limitations in terms of their safety and efficacy. To solve these problems, we optimized the codon of the BVDV-1 E2 gene, added the signal peptide sequence of the BoHV-1 gD gene, expressed double BVDV-1 E2 glycoproteins in tandem at the BoHV-1 gE gene site, and constructed a BoHV-1 genetics-engineered vectored vaccine with gE gene deletion, named BoHV-1 gE/E2-Linker-E2+ and BoHV-1 ΔgE. This study compared the protective effects in BoHV-1, BoHV-1 ΔgE, BoHV-1 gE/E2-Linker-E2+, and BVDV-1 inactivated antigen immunized guinea pigs and calves. The results showed that BoHV-1 gE/E2-Linker-E2+ could successfully induce guinea pigs and calves to produce specific neutralizing antibodies against BVDV-1. In addition, after BoHV-1 and BVDV-1 challenges, BoHV-1 gE/E2-Linker-E2+ can produce a specific neutralizing antibody response against BoHV-1 and BVDV-1 infections. Calves immunized with this type of virus can be distinguished as either vaccinated animals (gE-) or naturally infected animals (gE+). In summary, our data suggest that BoHV-1 gE/E2-Linker-E2+ and BoHV-1 ΔgE have great potential to prevent BVDV-1 or BoHV-1 infection.

Keywords: BVDV−1; BoHV−1; BoHV−1 gE/E2−Linker−E2+; BoHV−1 ΔgE; E2 glycoprotein; neutralizing antibody; signal peptide; vaccine.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Cattle
  • Diarrhea
  • Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral* / genetics
  • Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral* / genetics
  • Guinea Pigs
  • Herpesvirus 1, Bovine* / genetics
  • Vaccines, Attenuated / genetics
  • Vaccines, Combined
  • Viral Vaccines* / genetics

Substances

  • Antibodies, Neutralizing
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Vaccines, Attenuated
  • Vaccines, Combined
  • Viral Vaccines

Grants and funding

This work was funded in whole or in part by the Introducing Talents Scientific Research Project of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (NDGCC2016-22 and NDYB2018-2) and the Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation ‘Development of Marc-145 cells stable expressing PRRSV ORF2/ORF4 and replication-defective vaccine candidate strain’ (2020MS03047). The study was also supported by the Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, and Ruminant Animal Disease Diagnosis center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University.