Severe Bronchospasm During Separation from Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Diagnosis, Etiology, and Treatment

Affiliations

• ¹ Cardiovascular and Thoracic Division, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
• ² Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA.
• ³ Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
• ⁴ Department of Anesthesiology, Cardiothoracic Section, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157-1009, USA.
• ⁵ Department of Anesthesiology, Cardiothoracic Section, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157-1009, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].