A self-assembled coordination cage enhances the reactivity of confined amides via mechanical bond-twisting

Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2022 Sep 14;24(35):21367-21371. doi: 10.1039/d2cp03126d.

Abstract

Self-assembled coordination cages composed of metal cations and ligands can enhance the hydrolysis of non-covalently trapped amides in mild conditions as demonstrated in recent experiments. Here, we reveal the mechanism that accelerates base-catalyzed amide hydrolysis inside the octahedral coordination cage, by means of a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics/polarizable continuum model. The calculated activation barrier of the nucleophilic OH- addition to a planar diaryl amide drastically decreases in the cage because of mechanical bond-twisting due to host-guest π-stacking. By contrast, the OH- addition to an N-acylindole, which possesses a twisted amide bond in bulk water, is not enhanced in the cage. Even though the cage hinders OH- collisions with the confined amide, the cage can twist the dihedral angle of the planar amide so as to mimic the transition state of OH- addition.

MeSH terms

  • Amides* / chemistry
  • Hydrolysis
  • Ligands
  • Models, Molecular
  • Water* / chemistry

Substances

  • Amides
  • Ligands
  • Water