Working Aqueous Zn Metal Batteries at 100 °C

Reliable power supplies at extremely high temperatures are urgently needed to broaden the application scenarios for electric devices. Aqueous zinc metal batteries (ZMBs) with intrinsic safety are a promising alterative for high-temperature energy storage. However, the reversibility and long-term cycling stability of aqueous ZMBs at extremely high temperatures (≥100 °C) have rarely been explored. Herein, we reveal that spontaneous Zn corrosion and severe electrochemical hydrogen evolution at high temperature are vital restrictions for traditional aqueous ZMBs. To address this, a crowding agent, 1,5-pentanediol, was introduced into an aqueous electrolyte to suppress water reactivity by strengthening O-H bonds of H₂O and decreasing H₂O content in the Zn²⁺ solvation sheath, while maintaining flame resistance of the electrolyte. Importantly, this electrolyte enabled reversible Zn deposition with a Coulombic efficiency of 98.1% and a long cycling life of Zn//Zn batteries for over 500 cycles (at 1 mA cm^-2 and 0.5 mAh cm^-2) at 100 °C. Moreover, stable cycling of Zn//Te full batteries at 100 °C was demonstrated.