Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as second messengers in plant signaling pathways to remodel plant growth and development. New insights into how enzymatic ROS-producing machinery is regulated by hormones or localized during development have provided a framework for understanding the mechanisms that control ROS accumulation patterns. Signaling-mediated increases in ROS can then modulate the activity of proteins through reversible oxidative modification of specific cysteine residues. Plants also control the synthesis of antioxidants, including plant-specialized metabolites, to further define when, where, and how much ROS accumulate. The availability of sophisticated imaging capabilities, combined with a growing tool kit of ROS detection technologies, particularly genetically encoded biosensors, sets the stage for improved understanding of ROS as signaling molecules.
Keywords: Abscisic acid; Arabidopsis; Auxin; Class III peroxidases; Ethylene; Guard cells; HyPer7; Hydrogen peroxide; Pollen; Reactive oxygen species; Respiratory burst oxidase homologs; Root hairs; Tomato; roGFP2-Orp1.
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