Computer clinical decision support that automates personalized clinical care: a challenging but needed healthcare delivery strategy

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
• ² Department of Internal Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
• ³ Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
• ⁴ Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
• ⁵ Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
• ⁶ Department of Internal Medicine (Critical Care), Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
• ⁷ SYNCRONYS - Chief Executive Officer, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
• ⁸ Department of Critical Care, Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, Nevada, USA.
• ⁹ School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
• ¹⁰ Faculty of Medicine and Surgery-Anesthesiology, University of Milan, Milano, Lombardia, Italy.
• ¹¹ Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza (MB), Italy.
• ¹² Faculty of Medicine and Surgery - Anesthesiology, University of Milan, Ospedale di Desio, Desio, Lombardia, Italy.
• ¹³ Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
• ¹⁴ Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
• ¹⁵ Wolters Kluwer Health-Clinical Solutions-Medical Informatics, Wolters Kluwer Health, Newton, Massachusetts, USA.
• ¹⁶ Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
• ¹⁷ Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ¹⁸ Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
• ¹⁹ Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
• ²⁰ Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Baystate Campus, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA.
• ²¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
• ²² Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
• ²³ Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
• ²⁴ Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
• ²⁵ Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ²⁶ University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
• ²⁷ Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
• ²⁸ Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal Faculté de Médecine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
• ²⁹ Division of Medical Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ³⁰ Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Ng Teng Fong Hospital and National University Centre of Transplantation, National University Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore.
• ³¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
• ³² Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
• ³³ Department of Medical Informatics, Intermountain Healthcare, and Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
• ³⁴ Department of Medical Informatics, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
• ³⁵ Department of Data Science Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
• ³⁶ Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Ear and Eye Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ³⁷ Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
• ³⁸ Posthumous.
• ³⁹ Department of Medical Informatics, Intermountain Healthcare, Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, and Graphite Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
• ⁴⁰ Aalborg University Faculty of Engineering and Science - Department of Health Science and Technology, Respiratory and Critical Care Group, Aalborg, Nordjylland, Denmark.
• ⁴¹ Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁴² Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
• ⁴³ Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
• ⁴⁴ Tennessee Valley Veteran's Affairs Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
• ⁴⁵ Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
• ⁴⁶ Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁴⁷ Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
• ⁴⁸ Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
• ⁴⁹ Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospitals, Highland Hills, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
• ⁵⁰ Northwest Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California, USA.
• ⁵¹ Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université - INSERM unit UMR S_1155 (Common and Rare Kidney Diseases), Paris, France.
• ⁵² Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Keenan Research Center, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁵³ Department of Internal Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.
• ⁵⁴ Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
• ⁵⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Excellence Research Center (CERC), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
• ⁵⁶ Institute for Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.