The effectiveness of surgical adjuvant immunochemotherapy was studied on 287 patients with thoracic esophageal cancer in the Kyushu and Yamaguchi districts. Pre- and postoperative subcutaneous administrations of BCG, 10 mg once a week and an oral administration of PSK, 3 g a day, for as long as possible after surgery were instituted. The control group was designated as the one which neither PSK nor BCG was given. Most patients received chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Significant elongation of survival time was observed in immunotherapy patients with stage III and in those with non-curative resection, both having no lymph node metastasis.