Cardiac Phenotypes in Secondary Hypertension: JACC State-of-the-Art Review

Andrzej Januszewicz; Paolo Mulatero; Piotr Dobrowolski; Silvia Monticone; Patricia Van der Niepen; Pantelis Sarafidis; Martin Reincke; Emrush Rexhaj; Graeme Eisenhofer; Magdalena Januszewicz; Alexandros Kasiakogias; Reinhold Kreutz; Jacques W M Lenders; Maria Lorenza Muiesan; Alexandre Persu; Enrico Agabiti-Rosei; Rodrigo Soria; Mateusz Śpiewak; Aleksander Prejbisz; Franz H Messerli

doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2022.08.714

Cardiac Phenotypes in Secondary Hypertension: JACC State-of-the-Art Review

J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022 Oct 11;80(15):1480-1497. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.08.714.

Authors

Andrzej Januszewicz¹, Paolo Mulatero², Piotr Dobrowolski³, Silvia Monticone², Patricia Van der Niepen⁴, Pantelis Sarafidis⁵, Martin Reincke⁶, Emrush Rexhaj⁷, Graeme Eisenhofer⁸, Magdalena Januszewicz⁹, Alexandros Kasiakogias¹⁰, Reinhold Kreutz¹¹, Jacques W M Lenders¹², Maria Lorenza Muiesan¹³, Alexandre Persu¹⁴, Enrico Agabiti-Rosei¹⁵, Rodrigo Soria⁷, Mateusz Śpiewak¹⁶, Aleksander Prejbisz¹, Franz H Messerli¹⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Hypertension, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
² Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
³ Department of Hypertension, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: [email protected].
⁴ Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
⁵ Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
⁶ Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany.
⁷ Department of Cardiology and Biomedical Research, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
⁸ Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
⁹ Department of Hypertension, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland; II Department of Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
¹⁰ First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
¹¹ Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institut fur Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Berlin, Germany.
¹² Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
¹³ Centro per la Prevenzione e Cura dell'ipertensione Arteriosa, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.
¹⁴ Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
¹⁵ Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
¹⁶ Department of Radiology, Magnetic Resonance Unit, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
¹⁷ Department of Cardiology and Biomedical Research, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. Electronic address: [email protected].

PMID: 36202538
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.08.714

Abstract

Several forms of secondary hypertension carry a high risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality. Evaluation of cardiac phenotypes in secondary hypertension provides a unique opportunity to study underlying hormonal and biochemical mechanisms affecting the heart. We review the characteristics of cardiac dysfunction in different forms of secondary hypertension and clarify the mechanisms behind the higher prevalence of heart damage in these patients than in those with primary hypertension. Attention to the specific clinical/biochemical phenotypes of these conditions may assist clinicians to screen for and confirm secondary forms of hypertension. Thereby, early signs of heart damage can be recognized and monitored, allowing individualized treatment to delay or prevent evolution toward more advanced disease.

Keywords: cardiac damage; cardiac events; imaging; secondary hypertension.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Heart Failure*
Heart Injuries*
Humans
Hypertension* / epidemiology
Phenotype