Fecal microbiota and metabolomics revealed the effect of long-term consumption of gallic acid on canine lipid metabolism and gut health

Kang Yang; Shiyan Jian; Dan Guo; Chaoyu Wen; Zhongquan Xin; Limeng Zhang; Tao Kuang; Jiawei Wen; Yulong Yin; Baichuan Deng

doi:10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100377

Fecal microbiota and metabolomics revealed the effect of long-term consumption of gallic acid on canine lipid metabolism and gut health

Food Chem X. 2022 Jun 27:15:100377. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100377. eCollection 2022 Oct 30.

Authors

Kang Yang¹, Shiyan Jian¹, Dan Guo¹, Chaoyu Wen¹, Zhongquan Xin¹, Limeng Zhang¹, Tao Kuang¹, Jiawei Wen¹, Yulong Yin^{1

2}, Baichuan Deng^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
² National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
³ Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China.

Abstract

Gallic acid (GA) is a natural polyphenolic compound with many health benefits. To assess the potential risk of long-term consumption of GA to gut health, healthy dogs were fed a basal diet supplemented with GA (0%, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.08%) for 45 d, and fecal microbiota and metabolomics were evaluated. This study demonstrated that GA supplementation regulated serum lipid metabolism by reducing serum triglyceride, fat digestibility, and Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio. In addition, the relative abundance of Parasutterella was significantly lower, and the SCFAs-producing bacteria were increased along with fecal acetate and total SCFAs contents accumulation in the 0.08% GA group. Metabolomics data further elucidated that 0.08% GA significantly affected carbohydrate metabolism by downregulating succinic acid in fece, thereby alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress. Overall, this study confirmed the beneficial effects of long-term consumption of GA on lipid metabolism and gut health, and the optimal level of GA supplementation was 0.08%.

Keywords: AAFCO, Association of American Feed Control Officials; BCFAs, Branched-chain fatty acids; BCS, Body condition score; CAT, Catalase; Dog; FS, Fecal score; GA, gallic acid; GSH-Px, Glutathione peroxidase; Gallic acid; Gut microbiota; IFN-γ, Interferon-gamma; IL-1β, Interleukin 1β; IL-8, Interleukin 8; IgG, Immunoglobulin G; MDA, Malondialdehyde; Metabolomics; Nutrient digestibility; OPLS-DA, Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis; PCA, Principal component analysis; Pet food; QC, Quality control; RPT, Response permutation testing; RSD, Relative standard deviation; RT, Retention time; SCFAs, Short-chain fatty acids; SOD, Superoxide dismutase; Short-chain fatty acids; T-AOC, Total antioxidant capacity; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; UPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS, Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–Orbitrap–tandem mass spectrometry; VIP, Variable importance in the projection.