Intensification of Polyphenols Extraction from Eryngium creticum Leaves Using Ired-Irrad® and Evaluation of Antibiofilm and Antibacterial Activities

Mariam Hammoud; Ali Chokr; Hiba N Rajha; Carl Safi; Martijn van Walsem; Lambertus A M van den Broek; Espérance Debs; Richard G Maroun; Nicolas Louka; Hassan Rammal

doi:10.3390/plants11192458

Intensification of Polyphenols Extraction from Eryngium creticum Leaves Using Ired-Irrad^® and Evaluation of Antibiofilm and Antibacterial Activities

Plants (Basel). 2022 Sep 21;11(19):2458. doi: 10.3390/plants11192458.

Authors

Mariam Hammoud^{1

2

3}, Ali Chokr^{1

3}, Hiba N Rajha⁴, Carl Safi⁵, Martijn van Walsem⁵, Lambertus A M van den Broek⁵, Espérance Debs⁶, Richard G Maroun², Nicolas Louka², Hassan Rammal^{1

3

7}

Affiliations

¹ Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, P.O. Box 5, Beirut 1683, Lebanon.
² Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon.
³ Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (DSST), Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, P. O. Box 6573/14, Beirut 1683, Lebanon.
⁴ Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Beyrouth (ESIB), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, CST Mkalles Mar Roukos, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 11-514, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon.
⁵ Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
⁶ Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon.
⁷ Faculty of Agronomy, Lebanese University, Dekweneh, Beirut 1683, Lebanon.

Abstract

(1) Background: Eryngium creticum is a plant medicinally valued, and used in pharmacopeia to treat various diseases. No previous studies have been reported on E. creticum leaf extracts using an IR-assisted technique; thus, this study aimed to intensify polyphenol extraction using Ired-Irrad^®, comparing it to the conventional water bath (WB) method. (2) Methods: Optimization of polyphenol extraction from E. creticum leaves was conducted using Response Surface Methodology. Ired-Irrad^® was used and compared to the WB method. The biological activities (antiradical, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm) of both extracts were assessed. UHPLC analysis was performed to analyze the phytochemical profile of both extracts. (3) Results: Under optimal conditions, IR improved the polyphenol extraction yield by 1.7 times, while lowering ethanol consumption by 1.5 times. Regarding the antibacterial activity, both WB and IR E. creticum leaf extracts exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The maximum biofilm prevention capacity was also noticed against S. epidermidis. UHPLC-MS analysis quantified two major phenolic compounds in both extracts: rutin and sinapic acid. (4) Conclusions: Ired-Irrad^® technology proved to be an effective technique in intensifying polyphenol recovery, while preserving their quantity and quality.

Keywords: Eryngium creticum; Ired-Irrad®; antibacterial activity; antibiofilm activity; polyphenols.

Grants and funding

This research was jointly funded by the National Council for Scientific Research of Lebanon and the Faculty of Sciences at Saint-Joseph University of Beirut (USJ/CNRSL Grant ref. FS 166). The research was also funded by the Transnational access of EU BRISK II project (Horizon 2020, Grant agreement No. 731101), which was co-financed by the WUR Knowledge Base Program (KB34-009-007).