Spiritual Well-Being, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Indonesian Muslim Communities During COVID-19

Hamka; Mein-Woei Suen; Yoga Achmad Ramadhan; Muhammad Yusuf; Jui-Hsing Wang

doi:10.2147/PRBM.S381926

Spiritual Well-Being, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Indonesian Muslim Communities During COVID-19

Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2022 Oct 17:15:3013-3025. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S381926. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Hamka^{1

2

3}, Mein-Woei Suen^{2

4

5

6}, Yoga Achmad Ramadhan⁷, Muhammad Yusuf⁸, Jui-Hsing Wang⁹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Healthcare Administration Specialty in Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
² Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
³ Department of Psychology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda, Indonesia.
⁴ Gender Equality Education and Research Center, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
⁵ Department of Medical Research, Asia University Hospital, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
⁶ Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
⁷ Department Of Psychology, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945, Samarinda, Samarinda, Indonesia.
⁸ Department of Islamic Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, Indonesia.
⁹ Department of Infection, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigated how spirituality as a defensive factor of psychological well-being reduces anxiety among Indonesian Muslims during the pandemic COVID-19.

Patients and methods: Data were collected from 538 Indonesian Muslims through a survey using the spiritual well-being and depression, anxiety and stress (DAS-21) and examined using structural equation model (SEM) analysis.

Results: The empirical results indicate that spirituality is a factor that increases happiness, psychological well-being and mental health among Indonesian Muslims.

Conclusion: The study also concluded that spirituality positively and significantly reduces anxiety, depression, and stress. This finding confirms that the spiritual beliefs of Indonesian Muslims can play a significant role in improving mental health during pandemic. This study can control mental illness based on spirituality theory and practice.

Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; SEM; anxiety; depression; spiritual well-being; stress; structural equation model.