Objectives: To study the clinical features and prognosis of children and their family members with family clusters of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant infection under the admission mode of parent-child ward.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 190 children and 190 family members with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection who were admitted to Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, the designated hospital for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), April 8 to May 10, 2022.
Results: Both the child and adult groups were mainly mild COVID-19, and the proportion of mild cases in the child group was higher than that in the adult group (P<0.05). Respiratory symptoms were the main clinical manifestations in both groups. Compared with the adult group, the child group had higher incidence rates of fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and wheezing (P<0.05) and lower incidence rates of nasal obstruction, runny nose, cough, dry throat, throat itching, and throat pain (P<0.05). Compared with the child group, the adult group had higher rates of use of Chinese patent drugs, traditional Chinese medicine decoction, recombinant interferon spray, cough-relieving and phlegm-eliminating drugs, and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir tablets (P<0.05). Compared with the adult group, the child group had a lower vaccination rate of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (30.5% vs 71.1%, P<0.001) and a shorter duration of positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid (P<0.05). The patients with mild COVID-19 had a shorter duration of positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid than those with common COVID-19 in both groups (P<0.05). The patients with underlying diseases had a longer duration of positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid than those without such diseases in both groups (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Both children and adults with family clusters of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection manifest mainly mild COVID-19. Despite lower vaccination rate of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in children, they have rapid disease recovery, with a shorter duration of positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid than adults, under the admission mode of parent-child ward.
目的: 分析亲子病房收治模式下，家庭聚集性感染Omicron变异株的儿童及其家属的临床特点及转归。方法: 回顾性收集上海市第六人民医院新型冠状病毒肺炎（coronavirus disease 2019，COVID-19）定点医院于2022年4月8日至5月10日收治确诊的感染Omicron变异株患儿190例及其家属190例的临床资料，进行分析总结。结果: 儿童组和成人组均以轻型为主，儿童组轻型比例高于成人组（P<0.05）；2组临床表现均以上呼吸道症状为主，儿童组发热、腹痛腹泻、喘息发生率高于成人组（P<0.05），鼻塞流涕咳嗽、咽干咽痒咽痛发生率低于成人组（P<0.05）；成人组治疗连花清瘟颗粒/小儿豉翘清热颗粒、中药汤剂、重组人干扰素α2b喷雾剂、止咳化痰药、奈玛特韦/利托那韦片使用率均高于儿童组（P<0.05）；儿童组疫苗接种率（30.5%）较成人组（71.1%）低（P<0.001），而儿童组严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2，SARS-CoV-2）核酸阳性持续时间短于成人组（P<0.05）。2组临床轻型者SARS-CoV-2核酸阳性持续时间短于普通型者（P<0.05）。2组有基础疾病者SARS-CoV-2核酸阳性持续时间长于无基础疾病者（P<0.05）。结论: 家庭聚集性Omicron变异株感染儿童和成人的临床分型均以轻型为主。尽管儿童疫苗接种率较低，但在亲子病房收治模式中，疾病恢复较快，SARS-CoV-2核酸阳性持续时间短于成人。.
Keywords: Child; Clinical feature; Coronavirus disease 2019; Family cluster infection; Omicron variant.