Transurethral Vapor Ablation in Patients with Intermediate-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer

Purpose: We report results of a prospective, multicenter single-arm study of transurethral vapor ablation (TUVA) of prostate tissue in patients with unilateral, intermediate-risk, localized prostate cancer (PCa). Materials and Methods: Men ≥45 years of age with biopsy-confirmed unilateral Gleason grade group 2 (GGG2) adenocarcinoma of the prostate, prostate volume of 20-80 cc, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≤15 ng/mL were enrolled. Cystoscopy and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guidance were used to deliver ∼103°C water vapor to prostate zones for unilateral hemigland ablation, including destruction of cancers detected by multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and confirmed by biopsy. The primary outcomes were device-related serious adverse events (SAEs). At 7 days and 6 months postprocedure, the ablation extent was assessed by mpMRI; MRI/TRUS fusion biopsies were completed at 6 months. Quality of life (QOL) was assessed with validated questionnaires. Results: All subjects underwent a single hemigland TUVA procedure. No SAEs occurred. Grade 2 procedure-related AEs included transient urinary retention (n = 4) and erectile (n = 1) or ejaculatory dysfunction (n = 1). At 7 days, mpMRI revealed complete ablation of 14/17 (82%) visible lesions. At 6 months, biopsies showed no Gleason pattern ≥4 or ≥GGG2 cancer on the treated side of prostates in 13/15 (87%) subjects. Ten of 15 (67%) subjects were biopsy negative. Of the 5 biopsy-negative subjects, 2 had one core each of 3 + 4 disease and 3 had one core each of 3 + 3 disease with ≤5% involvement. Median prostate volume was reduced by 40.7% and PSA by 58%. Extensive QOL assessments showed, on average, no appreciable negative effects of treatment. Conclusions: Initial evidence suggests that TUVA is safe in men with intermediate-risk PCa. Preliminary results demonstrate the absence of ≥GGG2 disease on the treated side in 87% of men and a favorable QOL profile.