[Feminization of urology and glass ceiling: Survey of women urologists in France]

Introduction: Urology has long remained the least feminized specialty. The objective of this study was to assess the demographic characteristics of female urologists and their feelings in terms of discrimination.

Material: The survey consisted of a questionnaire of 12 questions, sent by mailing to all female urologists, a first time in May 2016 (n=84), then a second time in January 2020 (n=98). The anonymized answers were analyzed and compared in order to assess the evolution over the last 4 years. The participation rate was 46.4% in 2016 (n=39 respondents) and 50% in 2020 (n=49 respondents).

Results: The majority of women worked full time (73.5%), with a hospital (38.8%), liberal (46.9%) or mixed (14.3%) activity. Their main theme was women's urology (57.1%). In 2020, 59.2% of respondents had encountered difficulties related to their status as women during their career and 28.1% difficulties related to motherhood. Female urologists in private practice were significantly less concerned than their counterparts with hospital or mixed activity (43.5% versus 73.1%, P=0.035). Women felt that they were underrepresented in association committees at 95.9% (vs. 82.1% in 2016) and in university positions at 79.6% (vs. 89.7% in 2016). Finally, 91.8% were in favor of the creation of an association of women urologists (vs. 53.8% in 2016).

Conclusion: Women urologists may encounter difficulties related to their status as women during their professional career. Between 2016 and 2020, there is an increase in the feeling of under-representation within association committees and an increase in the need to federate.

Niveau de preuve: III, étude rétrospective cas-témoins.