Laryngeal Dysplasia: To Biopsy or Not?

A renal transplant recipient with chronic hepatitis B underwent multiple laser excisions over 4 years for laryngeal keratosis. From the initial histopathology reports of mild to moderate dysplasia, a progression to squamous carcinoma was noted over 4 years. This case report highlights the possible role of immunosuppressants and hepatitis virus in the aetiopathogenesis of laryngeal carcinoma.