Thoracolumbar Sacral Orthosis for Spinal Fractures: What's the Evidence and Do Patients Use Them?

Introduction The general consensus regarding the non-operative management of thoracolumbar (TL) spine fractures revolves around the use of thoracolumbar spine orthosis (TLSO). The efficacy of TLSO bracing remains controversial within the current literature, with several studies showing that prolonged brace use is associated with diminished lung capacity, skin breakdown, and paraspinal muscular atrophy, with no significant difference in pain and functional outcomes between patients treated with or without TLSO. Aims The aim of this study was to identify the number of braces issued over the duration of the study and understand the cost implication, added length of stay, and patient satisfaction based on a questionnaire and reflect on whether we need to change our practice on the use of TLSO. Methods Data was collected retrospectively over an 18-month period with 75 patients being initially identified for the study. A total of 42 records were included in the final study after the application of inclusion/exclusion criteria. Patient-related outcomes were recorded through a questionnaire. Results Of the patients, 60% report not receiving adequate advice regarding the duration of treatment, 43% reported that the brace interfered with their activities of daily living (ADLs), and 73% came off the brace earlier than advised, with 60% of patients reporting that they would rather be without the brace if given the option. The average increase in length of stay waiting for bracing was three days, with the estimated cost incurred being approximately £114,000. Conclusion With equivalence between treatment with or without a brace, there is a need to rethink current practice and move toward a case-by-case, patient-centered approach to minimize costs and improve patient satisfaction.