Duplex kidney and ureter is a congenital malformation. Few patients present with hydronephrosis caused by obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction of the duplex kidney, but lower kidney calculi caused by a duplex kidney abnormality is rare. This study reports a case of a duplex kidney and ureter complicated by multiple calculi in the duplex lower kidney. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with a da Vinci robot-assisted laparoscopic upper urinary tract reconstruction was performed. The lower ureter was resected, and the lower kidney was preserved. One year after the surgery, a follow-up examination reported satisfactory renal function without hydronephrosis or calculi.
Keywords: calculi; da Vinci robot; duplex kidney and ureter; percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
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