Molecular Epidemiology Reveals the Co-Circulation of Two Genotypes of Coxsackievirus B5 in China

Yun He; Haiyan Wei; Leilei Wei; Huan Fan; Dongmei Yan; Hua Zhao; Shuangli Zhu; Tianjiao Ji; Jinbo Xiao; Huanhuan Lu; Wenhui Wang; Qin Guo; Qian Yang; Weijia Xing; Yong Zhang

doi:10.3390/v14122693

Molecular Epidemiology Reveals the Co-Circulation of Two Genotypes of Coxsackievirus B5 in China

Viruses. 2022 Nov 30;14(12):2693. doi: 10.3390/v14122693.

Authors

Yun He^{1

2}, Haiyan Wei³, Leilei Wei⁴, Huan Fan⁵, Dongmei Yan¹, Hua Zhao⁶, Shuangli Zhu¹, Tianjiao Ji¹, Jinbo Xiao¹, Huanhuan Lu¹, Wenhui Wang², Qin Guo¹, Qian Yang¹, Weijia Xing², Yong Zhang^{1

7}

Affiliations

¹ National Polio Laboratory, WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
² School of Public Health and Management, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 6699 Qindao Road, Jinan 250117, China.
³ Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou 450016, China.
⁴ Jilin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jilin Institute of Public Health, Changchun 130062, China.
⁵ Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China.
⁶ Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China.
⁷ Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.

Abstract

Coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5) is an important enterovirus B species (EV-Bs) type. We used the full-length genomic sequences of 53 viral sequences from the national hand, foot, and mouth disease surveillance network in the Chinese mainland (2001-2021). Among them, 69 entire VP1 coding region nucleotide sequences were used for CVB5 genotyping and genetic evolution analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on a data set of 448 complete VP1 sequences showed that CVB5 could be divided into four genotypes (A-D) worldwide. Sequences from this study belonged to genotypes B and D, which dominated transmission in the Chinese mainland. Two transmission lineages of CVB5 have been discovered in the Chinese mainland, lineage 2 was predominant. Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis indicated that the tMRCA of CVB5 in the Chinese mainland could be traced to 1955, while the global trend could be traced to 1862, 93 years earlier than China. The evolution rate of CVB5 was higher in the Chinese mainland than worldwide. The spatiotemporal dynamics analysis of CVB5 assessed that virus transportation events were relatively active in Central, Northeast, North and Northwest China. Recombination analysis revealed frequent intertypic recombination in the non-structural region of CVB5 genotypes B and D with the other EV-Bs, revealing eight recombination lineages. Our study showed the molecular evolution and phylogeography of CVB5 that could provide valuable information for disease prevention.

Keywords: coxsackievirus B5; evolutionary dynamics; foot; genetic diversity; genotyping; hand; mouth disease; recombination analysis.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

China / epidemiology
Enterovirus B, Human* / genetics
Genotype
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease* / epidemiology
Humans
Molecular Epidemiology
Phylogeny

Grants and funding

This research was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Project No. 2021YFC2302003), Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (Project No. L192014), and the National Key Science and Technology Projects of China (Project No. 2018ZX10101002-001-003), and was supported by the Academic Promotion Programme of Shandong First Medical University (2019RC010), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81903401), the Shandong Province Higher Educational Young and Innovation Technology Supporting Program (2019KJL004) and Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Shandong First Medical University.