Objective: To compare the dwelling time and complications of low lying umbilical venous catheterization (UVC) in preterm infants with that of central UVC. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. A total of 3 020 preterm infants from 44 neonatal intensive care units (NICU) who had UVC inserted from October 2019 to August 2021 were enrolled. Demographic and general baseline data, dwelling time of UVC and reasons for removal, complications and their occurrence time were collected. According to the position of the catheter tip, the preterm infants were divided into low lying UVC group (insertion depth of 3-5 cm) and central UVC group (the catheter tip was close to the entrance of right atrium, or at the 8th-9th thoracic vertebra level). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the dwelling time and incidence of complications (cases/1 000 catheter days), and the independent t test and Chi-square test were used to compare the characteristics between the 2 groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the optimal cut-off value of UVC dwelling time. Results: Among the included 3 020 preterm infants, 1 624 (53.8%) were males, the gestational age was 29.9 (28.4, 31.6) weeks, the birth weight was (1 264±301) g, and 2 172 (71.9%) premature babies had central UVC. There were no significant differences in the proportion of males, the gestational age and the birth weight of neonates between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). There were also no significant differences in the rate of maternal history, PPROM>18 hours, chorioamnionitis, antenatal antibacterial angents exposure and antibacterial angents usage through UVC (all P>0.05). The dwelling time of central UVC was longer than that of low lying UVC (7 (6, 10) vs. 4 (3, 7) days, U=23.42, P<0.001). The complication incidence of central and low lying UVC were 20.0 and 70.8 cases/1 000 catheter days, respectively. The top 3 complications of central UVC were occlusion, catheter tip migration, and CLABSI (9.3, 3.5, 3.0 cases/1 000 catheter days). The top 3 complications of low lying UVC were catheter occlusion, CLABSI, and catheter tip migration (45.8, 6.3, 5.4 cases/1 000 catheter days). The ROC curve of UVC dwelling time and complications showed that the cut-off values of central UVC and low lying UVC were 6.5 and 4.5 days, respectively. The 2 groups both showed a trend of increases in the 3 complications with the prolonged dwelling time. Cox regression analysis showed that the overall difference in the proportion of occlusion between the central UVC and low lying UVC groups was statistically significant (χ2=30.18, P=0.024). There were both no significant differences in catheter tip migration and CLABSI (both P>0.05). Conclusions: The most common UVC complication in preterm infants is occlusion. It is not recommended to keep a low lying UVC for longer than 4.5 days. During the whole dwelling period, a close monitoring for UVC complications is required.
目的： 探讨不同尖端位置新生儿脐静脉置管（UVC）的留置时程及其并发症发生情况。 方法： 前瞻性多中心队列研究，研究对象为 2019年10月至2021年8月在中国44家医院新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）住院并接受UVC的3 020例早产儿。收集早产儿的人口学资料、临床一般基线数据、UVC留置时程及拔除原因、并发症类型及发生时间，根据导管尖端位置分为低位组（置入深度3~5 cm）和高位组（处于靠近右心房入口、第8~9胸椎水平）。采用Mann-Whitney U 检验比较组间UVC留置时程和并发症发生率（例次/导管日表示），应用独立样本t检验、χ2检验比较组间特征，Cox回归分析并发症发生风险，应用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析置管时程的最佳截断值。 结果： 3 020例早产儿中男1 624例（53.8%），出生胎龄29.9（28.4，31.6）周，出生体重（1 264±301）g，高位组2 172例（71.9%）。高位组与低位组早产儿的性别、出生胎龄及出生体重比较，差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）；母亲不良孕产史、胎膜早破时间>18 h、绒毛膜羊膜炎发生率和母产前抗菌药物使用率和经UVC抗菌药物使用率比较，差异亦均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。高位组UVC的留置时程长于低位组［7（6，10）比4（3，7）d，U=23.42，P<0.001］。高位及低位组的并发症总发生率分别为20.0及70.8例次/1 000导管日，高位组主要并发症为堵管、导管尖端移位和导管相关血流感染（9.3、3.5、3.0例次/1 000导管日），低位组的主要并发症为堵管、中心导管相关血流感染和导管尖端移位（45.8、6.3、5.4例次/1 000导管日）。ROC曲线结果显示，高位组及低位组UVC留置时程的最佳截断值分别为6.5及4.5 d；Cox回归模型分析结果显示，高位及低位组均随着UVC留置时程的延长，堵管、导管尖端移位、中心导管相关血流感染的发生比例升高，其中高位与低位组的堵管发生比例差异有统计学意义（χ2=30.18，P=0.024），导管尖端移位和中心导管相关血流感染发生比例差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。 结论： NICU住院早产儿的UVC并发症以堵管为主；低位UVC的并发症发生率较高；不建议低位UVC的留置时程超过4.5 d。留置UVC过程中需严密监测并发症发生。.