Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most common post-transplant viral infections causing significant morbidity and occasional mortality. Limited literature on the potential role of pre-transplant CMV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMV-CMI) is available. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of pre-transplant CMV-CMI monitoring in the occurrence of post-transplant CMV infection.
Methods: This was a prospective, observational study where all adult CMV seropositive patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation at a tertiary care institute were enrolled. CMV-CMI was measured using QuantiFERON-CMV (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany) and interpreted as positive if the value was ≥0.2 IU/ml, 1-2 days prior to the transplant. Based on pre-transplant CMV-CMI, cases were classified into Group 1 (n = 13, 43.3%) (positive) and Group 2 (n = 17, 56.7%) (negative). CMV infection was defined as the detection of CMV-DNA > 2.7 log10 IU/ml in plasma specimens.
Results: The mean age was 43 years with male (n = 29, 96.9%) predominance. Overall 40% of recipients developed post-transplant CMV infection, two (15.4%) in group 1 and 10 (58.8%) in group 2 (p-value = 0.016). Recipients in group 2 had 87% higher odds (odds ratio 0.13, confidence interval [CI] 95) of developing post-transplant CMV infection compared to group 1. The overall median duration of occurrence of post-transplant CMV infection was 26 days with the median viral load being 2.8 log10 IU/ml. The treatment duration was 13 days in group 1 and 28 days in group 2 (p = 0.003). Group 1 recipients showed rapid clearance of CMV-DNA within 7 days compared to group 2 in which it was 21 days (p = 0.004, CI 95).
Conclusion: Pre-transplant CMV-CMI may play a protective role against post-transplant CMV infection and can serve as an adjunct for pre-transplant risk stratification.
Keywords: CMV-CMI; CMV-QuantiFERON; infections; post-transplant.
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